Assessing Juvenile Delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago...

Assessing Juvenile Delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago using Subcultural Theories Diane S Lewis University of the West Indies Abstract Devin Mills, a student I privately tutored, was gunned down while walking in Deigo Martin in January 2011, newspaper reports portrayed him as a typical lower-class male who got caught up in the wrong things and believed his murder was gang-related. I did not understand why everyone viewed him as such because to me, Devin was a sincere and compassionate young man who was trying to make the best out of his circumstances in life. This unfortunate event inspired my interest in juvenile delinquency and how it relates to gangs. As a result, this paper will assess juvenile delinquency using subcultural theories†¦show more content†¦Supporting evidence of this theory can be found in the first study of criminal gangs done by UWI sociologist C Victor in the 1960s. As part of an analysis of juvenile delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago, Victor studied three gangs from Port of Spain, and his conclusions about how gangs function seem to hold today (Baldeosingh, 2010). He reported that one gang member told him, â€Å"We gangsmen must obey we rules, if even we have to break everybody else own, is only so we could look out for weself . . .† (Baldeosingh, 2010). This statement, made by an actual gang member, clearly validates Cohen’s fourth benefit of being part of a subculture. Members of the subculture evaluated life in a different manner than that established by the wider society. Individuals who are already part of or would like to join the subculture must demonstrate disenchantment with the larger society. According to Victor, there is a singleness of purpose (within the subculture) — to foster the values of the group (Baldeosingh, 2010). Lower-class juveniles who are not able to achieve the middle-class goals may have felt estranged from such a society, and as a result, become part of a delinquent subculture where they feel a greater sense of

Canadian Foreign Policy of the 1930s Comparison of Articles

Introduction The Canadian foreign policy of the 1930s has been a subject of scholarly inquiry for quite some time .In this paper, we compare the readings of Norman Hillmer,Defence and Ideology: The Anglo-Canadian Military Alliance in the 1930s Eayrs, James A low Dishonest Decade : Aspects of Canadian External Policy, 1931-1939. James Eayrs in his work titled. In A Low Dishonest Decade: Aspects of Canadian External Policy, 1931-1939, noted that the policy of appeasement as part of a path to war was adopted by the then Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. These were however largely for self-interest reasons. On the contrary the view presented by Norman Hillmer in his Defence and Ideology: The Anglo-Canadian Military Alliance in the 1930s work that stated that a leaders hesitancy to be duly engaged in European affairs is mainly justified by the weakness in public support for various issues of international character as well as a heightened level of linguistic cleavage. The work of Hillmer is noted to be superior to that of Eayrs for various reasons. The first one being that Canada was largely misinformed on the very nature of the then Nazi Germany. The second reason is that the Canadian federalism at that time was characterized by heightened level of provincial power. This suggested that the King had an intense focus on the national unity, a focus which was not driven by self-interest. Therefore the work of Hillmer can be regarded as far much superiorShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between North American Free Trade Agreement And The European Union s Level Of Integration3824 Words   |  16 Pagesalso free to independently determine trade policies with non-member nations. For examples, The North American Free Trade Agreement, or simply known as NAFTA (for agreements between the United States, Canada and Mexico) and the European Free Trade Association (for agreements between countries such as Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland). 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Economic Perspective of The Hunger Games Essay Example For Students

Economic Perspective of The Hunger Games Essay The Hunger Games is a movie set in post-apocalyptic North America. It tells the tale of a governments excesses and oppression of the people from the point of view of a 16 year old participating in the hunger games. An oppressive government hundreds of miles away that controls everything in the economy runs the country of Panem. The government has a law commanding each of the twelve districts to choose one boy and one girl every year to participate in the hunger games, which is a televised event where the chosen twenty-four kids fight to the death until only one remains. The movie is full of social commentary that is of economic relevance. Panem is obviously a command economy and yet, successful markets depend on market-oriented economies. The state resides on the ruins of what was a technologically advanced society that came before the current state of affairs. The super-computers, hovercraft, and high tech trains suggest an earlier competitive economy. Market competition drives technological innovation and invention as firms try to gain a competitive edge. This innovation only takes place in a competitive environment and is not present in uncompetitive economies. However, the state of Panems technology is far more developed than the current technological state. It is clear that the current political environment in Panem could not have been responsible for the technological advancement as most of the technology is to keep control and provide entertainment. In this economy, the rich get richer while the poor suffer. In a market economy, the wealth would be spread out more evenly among the population. The capitol has also allocated various tasks to specific districts. This is inefficient management of human resources, as being born in a specific district does not automatically make you good at something. To achieve the economies of scale brought about by specialization, people have to choose to do what they are good at and would have greater productivity. The state of Panem has a very wide wage inequality gap between the poor and the rich. This is detrimental to the fortunes of the state and government. Panem has the natural resources necessary to achieve economic prosperity and yet the central government misuses the various resources present. The wealthy live in the capitol in affluence while other parts of the society prompting the main character to say that you can starve to death in safety in District 12. If the people of Panem were in a free market economy, they would have more disposable income and hence, more purchasing power. The prosperity and financial gains derived from this type of economy would eventually reach the capitol residents in some other way other than exploitation. Economic inequality slows growth and fosters and unstable economic system that is prone to collapse. The oppression of the countrys population usually ends up in violent upheavals as many governments have learnt over time. War is one of the biggest drains of a countrys economic resources and financial prosperity. The massive resources spent on maintaining a war can also revert into the local economy. In the case of Panem, the government spends most of the nations resources on maintaining control over the people. The capitol residents spend copious amounts of money on its security infrastructure. They have to maintain a constant supply of peacekeepers for all the districts, feed them, train, and replace them when necessary. In their obsession to maintain control, they lose potential productive citizens who could be doing other tasks. Spending many resources on security alone is inefficient, as other sectors of the economy would benefit from the resource infusion. To prevent the population from staging an uprising, they restrict their access to basic resources such as food and the materials needed to make weapons that keep them weak and docile. Although the war leads to technological innovation in the weapons industry, it also drains a nations capital and creates a more unstable society. .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .postImageUrl , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:hover , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:visited , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:active { border:0!important; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:active , .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf62a43dbcbe0816aae10eeceae07de5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - A Christmas Carol EssayThe setting of the hunger games shows an economically inefficient nation. The central government misuses the resources of the nation to maintain their wealth and control the other citizens. There is also slave labor and inefficient use of human resource where many people are required to maintain security in all the districts and keep the people subdued. The restriction of basic resources to the population leads to dissention in the population resulting in an unstable political environment. Their absolute control over the factors of production means that there is no competition in the market. This leads to inefficiencies as firms in operation are not motivated to innovate and develop their products. The wide wealth gap present between the rich residents of Capitol and the residents of the other district also has negative consequences. Although, the rich may hoard the wealth, they actually harm the economy by decreasing the purchasing power of the citizens. Free markets are more efficient and profitable than command economies and through their oppressive policies, the government of Panem may end up in total economic meltdown.

Matthew free essay sample

Ghost and Goblins come out in the darkness of the night, but who would have known these witches and werewolves would have taken Matt without a fight. Matthew was only twenty-one with a whole lifetime to learn, now we sit beside his casket with an aching yearn. Not knowing where the time has gone, I write three years later still asking the question, where did it all go wrong? * * * * My cousin, Matthew lived in Farmington, New Hampshire. He lived with his two siblings Eric and Crystal; his mother, Donna, and father, Brian. Matthew’s life was one some children could only dream about; living in a beautiful house, riding dirt bikes and four-wheelers and surrounded by a loving family. Matthew’s life changed drastically a few months after his high school graduation when he found his father deceased in his recliner after suffering a sudden heart attack. Matthew believed his father would have wanted him to follow in his footsteps and to become the man of the house; so he began to take the lead role in his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Matthew or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He wore a different mask everyday, not showing himself, but showing someone older, more mature, anyone but the young man he once was. Matt believed in new beginnings, knowing even though his father was not around to guide him through life, he was always watching over him and leading him in the right direction. Family and friends told Matthew to live life the way his father would want him to and to always make him proud. Matthew reached out to his community and began to give back for the life he was given. Matthew completed countless hours of service for his community while working on the local roads in town, always giving and never asking for anything in return. Matthew managed to reach out to others in need even if it meant giving up his own wants. But Matthew was never able to accomplish his own goals in life, since he was determined to accomplish the goals his father had left unfinished. On October 31, 2008, Matthew wore his final Halloween mask hidden deep in his closet for the past 21 years; he wore the mask of his father, leaving his own goals and true colors aside. Ironically, Matthew was never able to remove this mask and accomplish his own goals. He died suddenly on Halloween night in his own home due to heart failure, as did his father three years prior. Matthew worked hard to live up to the expectations people gave him, whether it was being a role model to his younger brother and sister or a strong, hardworking father figure to his family. Matthew was able to teach me two of the most important lessons in life. Matthew taught me to never take anything for granted and when chances are given to you, don’t hold back, take them because they can only make you better. Matthew also taught me that life is short. Life is too short to not put yourself out there, to not accomplish your goals and not to be the best you can be. Unfortunately, Mathew was unable to accomplish his own goals, so when it comes to my goals, I strive to achieve them no matter how impossible they may seem. Whether it is succeeding in academics or in athletics, I think of Matt. He taught me that no matter what happened in the past, there is always a time for new beginnings and a time to take chances- a time to achieve your goals. College for me is a new beginning, a time to take chances, to be the best person I can be and a time to work hard to achieve goals. When I begin to struggle or think it is time to give up, I think of Matthew and know it is i mportant to pull through. With the courage and pride Matt had as a person, I intend to become the person I always knew I could be; successful, and determined. * * * * A ghost or a goblin, who was to blame? Or was it a witch or a werewolf who caused such pain? Matthew’s death will never be forgotten for it something I still ponder, but because of him I am only stronger.